NEws NEws dnfsdd859 Registered user 100 Points
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Full name: http://www.huangtaigroup.com/gasifier
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Website: http://www.huangtaigroup.com/gasifier
About: Some of the most promising, attention-getting energy alternatives aren't

revolutionary ideas. We all know about windmills and waterwheels, which have been

around for centuries. Today, a variety of improvements, including innovative turbine

designs, are transforming these ancient machines into cutting-edge technologies that

can help nations satisfy their energy needs.
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    There&#39;s another old process -- one you probably don&#39;t know much about --

that&#39;s gaining in popularity and may join wind and hydropower in the pantheon of

clean, renewable energy. The process is known as <a href="https://huangtaigroup.com/"

target="_self">gasification</a>, a set of chemical reactions that uses limited oxygen

to convert a carbon-containing feedstock into a synthetic gas, or syngas.
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    It sounds like combustion, but it&#39;s not. Combustion uses an abundance of

oxygen to produce heat and light by burning. Gasification uses only a tiny amount of

oxygen, which is combined with steam and cooked under intense pressure. This

initiates a series of reactions that produces a gaseous mixture composed primarily of

carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This syngas can be burned directly or used as a

starting point to manufacture fertilizers, pure hydrogen, methane or liquid

transportation fuels.
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    Believe it or not, gasification has been around for decades. Scottish engineer

William Murdoch gets credit for developing the basic process. In the late 1790s,

using coal as a feedstock, he produced syngas in sufficient quantity to light his

home. Eventually, cities in Europe and America began using syngas -- or &quot;town

gas&quot; as it was known then -- to light city streets and homes. Eventually,

natural gas and electricity generated from coal-burning power plants replaced town

gas as the preferred source of heat and light.
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    Today, with a global climate crisis looming on the horizon and power-hungry

nations on the hunt for alternative energy sources, gasification is making a

comeback. The Gasification Technologies Council expects world gasification capacity

to grow by more than 70 percent by 2015. Much of that growth will occur in Asia,

driven by rapid development in China and India. But the United States is embracing

gasification, as well.
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    Let&#39;s take a closer look at how this process works. We&#39;re going to start

with coal gasification, the most common form of the process.
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    The heart of a coal-fired power plant is a boiler, in which coal is burned by

combustion to turn water into steam. The following equation shows what burning coal

looks like chemically: C + O2 --&gt; CO2. Coal isn&#39;t made of pure carbon, but of

carbon bound to many other elements. Still, coal&#39;s carbon content is high, and

it&#39;s the carbon that combines with oxygen in combustion to produce carbon

dioxide, the major culprit in global warming. Other byproducts of coal combustion

include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, mercury and naturally occurring radioactive

materials.
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    The heart of a power plant that incorporates gasification isn&#39;t a boiler, but

a<a href="http://www.huangtaigroup.com/gasifier/" target="_self"> gasifier</a>, a

cylindrical pressure vessel about 40 feet (12 meters) high by 13 feet (4 meters)

across. Feedstocks enter the gasifier at the top, while steam and oxygen enter from

below. Any kind of carbon-containing material can be a feedstock, but coal

gasification, of course, requires coal. A typical gasification plant could use 16,000

tons (14,515 metric tons) of lignite, a brownish type of coal, daily.
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    A gasifier operates at higher temperatures and pressures than a coal boiler --

about 2,600 degrees Fahrenheit (1,427 degrees Celsius) and 1,000 pounds per square

inch (6,895 kilopascals), respectively. This causes the coal to undergo different

chemical reactions. First, partial oxidation of the coal&#39;s carbon releases heat

that helps feed the gasification reactions. The first of these is pyrolysis, which

occurs as coal&#39;s volatile matter degrades into several gases, leaving behind

char, a charcoal-like substance. Then, reduction reactions transform the remaining

carbon in the char to a gaseous mixture known as syngas.
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    Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are the two primary components of syngas. During a

process known as gas cleanup, the raw syngas runs through a cooling chamber that can

be used to separate the various components. Cleaning can remove harmful impurities,

including sulfur, mercury and unconverted carbon. Even carbon dioxide can be pulled

out of the gas and either stored underground or used in ammonia or methanol

production.
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    That leaves pure hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which can be combusted cleanly in

gas turbines to produce electricity. Or, some power plants convert the syngas to

natural gas by passing the cleaned gas over a nickel catalyst, causing carbon

monoxide and carbon dioxide to react with free hydrogen to form methane. This

&quot;substitute natural gas&quot; behaves like regular natural gas and can be used

to generate electricity or heat homes and businesses.
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